Archive for the ‘Biology’ category

Scientific Hoaxs

January 31st, 2010

PILTDOWN

Piltdown Man Hoax: Perpetrated in 1912. The Piltdown Man Hoax led to erroneous pictures of mankind’s supposed ape-like ancestors in textbooks for 70+ years.

Editor’s Note: This hoax has recently been spotted as an example of evolution nearly 100 years after it was found to be one of the greatest hoaxes in history. “The significance of the specimen remained the subject of controversy until it was exposed in 1953 as a forgery, consisting of the lower jawbone of an orangutan that had been deliberately combined with the skull of a fully developed modern man.”

haeckel

Biogenetic Law Fraud: Ernst Haeckel was actually called before a board of examiners and chastised for fudging the data. He proposed Biogenetic Law was supported with fraudulent pictures showing similarities of human embryos to those of fish, pig, chicken,etc. This was his attempt to demonstrate our common ancestry with animals. Although discredited 100 years ago, his drawings are still in some textbooks today.

Stem Cell Fraud: South Korean stem-cell researcher, Woo Suk Hwang, was “the centre of one of  the largest investigations of scientific fraud in living memory.” Hwang was discredited by his own home research institution,  Seoul National University, for presenting fraudulent data,  Nature Reported.  “The revelation has destroyed the best evidence so far that stem cells can be extracted from a clone matched to a specific patient. With Hwang discredited, both the field of therapeutic cloning and the public’s trust in science have suffered a serious setback.”  Nature, 1-11-2006

Scientists Invent Results: Times Online (June 4, 2009) headline reports that “One in seven scientists say colleagues fake data.” That figure applies to serious breaches of “acceptable conduct by inventing results.” The article went on to say that “46 percent say that they have observed fellow scientists engage in ‘questionable practices‘, such as presenting data selectively or changing the conclusions of a study in response to pressure from a funding source.”

ClimateGate: Washington Times (Nov 20, 24, etc. 2009) reported on potential fraud relating to global warming turned up by hackers breaking into the e-mails from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia (UAE) in England. “Those e-mails involved communication among many scientific researchers and policy advocates with similar ideological positions all across the world. Those purported authorities were brazenly discussing the destruction and hiding of data that did not support global-warming claims.” If investigations confirm that climate data has been hidden which negates the currently “politically correct” global warming hysteria, as well as the attempt to silence the “dissenters,” this would likely become the biggest scandal ever perpetrated on the whole world.

Editor’s Note: These are just a small sampling of the plethora of  “scientific” frauds that have been told and written over and over again. Creation-Facts will continue to expose these frauds a few at a time.

The above articles were taken from Think & Believe (January/February, 2010 Vol 28, No 1) newsletter written by Dave Nutting of Alpha Omega Institute of Grand Junction, CO.

Are Humans as Close to Chickens as They Are to Chimps?

January 27th, 2010

y_chromosome_wide Written by :  Brian Thomas, MS *

A recent comprehensive analysis compared the human Y chromosome with the chimpanzee Y chromosome, and the researchers found that they were “remarkably divergent.”1

The Y chromosome is found only in males and contains many genes that specify male features, as well as genetic and regulatory information that is expressed throughout the whole body. In a study published in the January issue of Nature, a large team of scientists encountered so many unforeseen differences in the DNA sequences of the human and chimp Y chromosomes that the research took much longer than they had originally anticipated. Among their discoveries were interesting features unique to certain “sequence classes” within each chromosome.

Most of their findings do not fit well with the often-repeated erroneous statement that humans and chimps are 98 percent similar, nor with the more general hypothesis that they share a common ancestor.2 One sequence class within the chimpanzee Y chromosome had less than 10 percent similarity with the same class in the human Y chromosome, and vice versa. Another large class shared only half the similarities of the other species, and vice versa. And one whole class on the human Y chromosome “has no counterpart in the chimpanzee MSY [male-specific Y chromosome].”1

Under evolutionary assumptions of long and gradual genetic changes, the Y chromosome structures, layouts, genes, and other sequences should be much the same in both species, given the relatively short—according to the evolutionary timeline—six-million-year time span since chimpanzees and humans supposedly diverged from a common ancestor. Instead, the differences between the chromosomes are marked. R. Scott Hawley, a genetics researcher at the Stowers Institute in Kansas City who wasn’t involved in the research, told the Associated Press, “That result is astounding.”3

The Nature paper expressed the mismatch between this data and standard evolutionary interpretations in a more muted tone: “Indeed, at 6 million years of separation, the difference in MSY gene content in chimpanzee and human is more comparable to the difference in autosomal gene content in chicken and human, at 310 million years of separation.”1 Autosomes are the chromosomes other than the X and Y.

So, the human Y chromosome looks just as different from a chimp’s as the other human chromosomes do from a chicken’s. And to explain where all these differences between humans and chimps came from, believers in big-picture evolution are forced to invent stories of rapid wholesale rearrangements, and rapid generation of both new gene-containing and regulatory DNA.

But since each respective Y chromosome appears fully integrated and interdependent with its host organism, the most logical conclusion is that humans and chimpanzees were each specially created as distinct creatures.

References:

1.  Hughes, J. F. et al. Chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes are remarkably divergent in structure and gene content. Nature. Published online January 13, 2010.

2.  Tomkins, J. 2009. Human-Chimp Similarities: Common Ancestry of Flawed Research? Acts & Facts. 38 (6): 12.

3.  Borenstein, S. Men more evolved? Y chromosome study stirs debate. Associated Press, January 13, 2010. *

Mr. Thomas is Science Writer at the Institute for Creation Research.

The entire article above was taken from The Institute For Creation Research.

Evidence From The Earth’s Ecology

November 28th, 2009

Photosynthesis

Science is learning how plants are designed to regulate carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Defination: carbon dioxide
–noun: a colorless, odorless, incombustible gas, CO2, present in the atmosphere and formed during respiration, usually obtained from coal, coke, or natural gas by combustion, from carbohydrates by fermentation, by reaction of acid with limestone or other carbonates, or naturally from springs: used extensively in industry as dry ice, or carbon dioxide snow, in carbonated beverages, fire extinguishers, etc.

Use by humans: Humans use carbon dioxide in many different ways. The most familiar example is its use in soft drinks and beer, to make them fizzy. Carbon dioxide released by baking powder or yeast makes cake batter rise.
Some fire extinguishers use carbon dioxide because it is denser than air. Carbon dioxide can blanket a fire, because of its heaviness. It prevents oxygen from getting to the fire and as a result, the burning material is deprived of the oxygen it needs to continue burning.

Carbon dioxide is also used in a technology called supercritical fluid extraction that is used to decaffeinate coffee. The solid form of carbon dioxide, commonly known as Dry Ice, is used in theatres to create stage fogs and make things like “magic potions” bubble.

First, when carbon dioxide levels go up, many plants increase their use of carbon dioxide, making more oxygen.

Second, at higher carbon dioxide levels, plants tend to make tissue that doesn’t decay as easily. This ties up the extra carbon for longer periods of time.

Third, at higher carbon dioxide levels, plant tissues discourage insects from eating them, decreasing the re-release of the plants’ carbon as carbon dioxide.

Our Creator expects us to take care of His creation. He knows, however, that we cannot control all of the possible changing conditions on planet Earth. For this reason He has built mechanisms into the creation that adjust to changing conditions and maintain a suitable habitat for human life.

Portions of the above document were taken from Letting God Create Your Day, Vol. 3, p.77 and quoted in A Closer Look At The Evidence by Richard & Tina Kleiss. The first three paragraphs were taken from dictionaries.

The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD’s: but the earth hath he given to the children of men. (Psalm 115:16 KJV )

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Evidence From The Humming Bird

November 25th, 2009

picture-animal-Hummingbird-landing-creativity

One of the most fascinating and unique creatures of all creation is the common hummingbird. What is the probability that all of the unique characteristics of the ruby-throated hummingbird, each of which are needed for its survival, developed by some step-by-step evolutionary process? A few of the hummingbird’s incredible abilities are listed below:

1. The unique ability to fly forward, backward, upsidedown, and straight up like a helicopter as no other bird can.

2. The use of a special fringed tongue to sweep insects out from the inside of flowers. It cannot survive on nectar
alone, but also needs the protein from eating insects. Without its special tongue it could never catch the insects.

3. The ability to fly 500 miles nonstop over the gulf waters to Mexico. The hummingbird can conserve its strength for long flights by taking a prolonged rest just prior to the flight and making every motion count in flight.

4. The ability to go into a “torpid” condition at night by almost shutting down its metabolism. Because of its incredibly high energy activity, gram for gram the hummingbird has the greatest energy output of any warm-blooded animal. Yet at night it uses only about one-fifth of its normal energy.

The hummingbird is truly a marvel of God’s creativity.

The above document was taken from Character Sketches, Vol. II, p. 42-48 and quoted in A Closer Look At The Evidence by Richard & Tina Kleiss.

Look to the LORD and his strength; seek his face always. Remember the wonders he has done, his miracles, and the judgments he pronounced.   (Psalm 105:4-5)

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The Amazing Leaf Miner

November 4th, 2009

Leaf Miner-2

If you live in a climate where fall brings colors to the leaves before they fall, you’ve probably noticed something strange. Once the leaves start to fall, the ground is littered with their color. But among all those fading leaves, you might find a perfectly healthy looking green leaf. That green leaf is probably the work of one of God’s more amazing tiny insects.
Leaf MinerSeveral species of beetles, flies and moths go through a larval stage in which the larvae burrow into leaves. These leaf miners gain their nutrition from the leaf. But when fall comes, and the leaves lose their green chlorophyll, they stop making food for the larvae. So the larvae secrete a hormone that prevents the leaf from losing its chlorophyll and shutting down to die. This hormone enables a leaf to stay green and produce food for the larvae even long after the leaf would normally have turned color and dried up on the ground.

Leaf miners present several problems for those who think that mindless evolution produced the variety of life that we see around us today. How did the larvae learn to make just the right hormone to preserve the leaf on which it depends? Are we to believe that these larvae kept evolving from something else until one of them figured out the chemistry of the leaf? And finally, are we to believe that this unlikely evolutionary event happened in several species?
Just as the sprouting of new leaves in the spring means that summer is near, so the cleverness of the leaf miner should tell us that the hand of God created this insect. And we can reliably conclude that God made the entire creation.
Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When her branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is near. (Mark 13:28)

This article was originally written by  Joachim Scheven, “Green Islands,” Origins, June 1999 as quoted in Creation Moments, Nov 4, 2009

The Black Eyed Dragon Fish

November 1st, 2009

sci_dragonfish

The fish known as the loose jaw or dragon fish has been found to have some remarkable abilities. At most 10 inches long, this deep-sea fish lives at depths between 1,500 and 4,500 feet. At these depths, the only light that gets through the water is a dim blue light. As a result, sighted creatures that live at those depths can see well in dim blue light, but virtually none of them can see light in the red end of the spectrum. None, that is, but the dragon fish, and that’s its secret weapon.

The dragon fish is the only known creature to have chlorophyll in its eyes. This compound gives the dragon fish the ability to see red light in the depths. But why would the dragon fish have these abilities if there is no red light to see? He makes his own red light. This bioluminescent red light is invisible to the dragon fish’s prey. But the dragon fish can see its red light reflecting off nearby prey, as a sniper who uses an infrared scope to sight his prey in the dark.

The dragon fish offers a powerful set of arguments in favor of a Creator. Its unique ability to see red where there is no red light cannot be explained by natural selection. Before it supposedly evolved the ability to see red light, how would it know about red light? And why would it have evolved the ability to create a color of light it could not have known about? The dragon fish’s sniper like ability to find its prey with light invisible to its prey bears powerful witness to a wise and powerful Designer.

References: S. Milus, “Red-flashing fish have chlorophyll eyes,” Science News, v.153, June 6, 1998, p.359.

The above document was quoted  from Creation Moments.org.
“And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life…”  Genesis 1:20

Evidence From The Fossil Record

October 8th, 2009

DNA

As soon as a plant or animal dies, its DNA begins to decompose. The oldest accurately known DNA samples are from a 4000-year-old mummy. Based on the deterioration of the molecule from samples of this age, it is estimated that essentially no DNA could survive longer than 10,000 years. However, DNA segments have been found in magnolia leaves (dated by evolutionists at 17 million years), dinosaur bones (dated at 80 million years), scales of a fossilized fish (dated at 200 million years), and amber-encased insects and plants (dated at 25-120 million years). Evolutionary scientists should be asking how DNA could still be contained in samples this old when more recent samples indicate that the DNA molecule is far too sensitive to have lasted this long. Perhaps there is something wrong with the old-earth dating methods and these fossils still contain DNA fragments simply because they are not as old as believed. These samples have been simply been dated wrong due to faulty assumptions of radiometric dating methods.

Evolutionists have a similar problem with protein preserved in dinosaur bones. As with DNA, no protein should last 75 to 150 million years; yet protein has been found in dinosaur bones. These plant and animal remains are simply not as old as evolutionists need to accept in order to continue to believe in the story of evolution.

The above document was taken from In The Beginning, 7th Ed., p.29-30 and quoted in A Closer Look At The Evidence by Richard & Tina Kleiss.

“…I am He; I am the first and I am the last. My own hand laid the foundations of the earth….” (Isaiah 48:12,13)

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Evidence From Creation Foundation

September 27th, 2009

Bible Many Christians consider creation irrelevant. They believe it makes no difference whether God used creation or evolution to create mankind and the Bible can be interpreted in many ways. Atheists have a much better understanding of the importance of this issue, as shown by the following quote from American Atheist Magazine, 2/78, p. 19,30:

“Christianity has fought, still fights, and will [always] fight to the desperate end over evolution, because evolution destroys utterly and finally the very reason Jesus’ earthly life was supposedly made necessary…Destroy Adam and Eve and the original sin, and in the rubble you will find the sorry remains of the Son of God. [You will] take away the meaning of his death…If Jesus was not the redeemer who died for our sins, and this is what evolution means, then Christianity is nothing!”

Logic allows no other alternatives. If God used evolution to create us, then we came from some sort of apelike creature. Therefore Adam and Eve must be a myth. Where is the Fall of man? At what point did the apes (ruled by instinct) rebel against their creator? Why do we need a Savior if we were created from apes and are just doing what comes natural to us? The Bible calls Jesus the “second Adam.” Was the first Adam a man or an apelike creature? What does that make Christ? Did God create the current world (with all of its problems and suffering), or is this fallen state a result of man’s rebellion? Acceptance of evolution is a poison which will destroy true Christianity. The evidence for this can be seen in the decline of the evangelical belief in Europe as the acceptance of evolution has increased.

The above document was written by Bruce Malone and quoted in A Closer Look At The Evidence by Richard & Tina Kleiss.

The first man was of the earth, made of dust; the second Man is the Lord from heaven. (1 Corinthians 15:47 NKJV)

…just as through one man sin entered the world, and death through sin… (Romans 5:12 NKJV)

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Evidence From Biology

September 22nd, 2009

Monarch

A study of the monarch butterfly should convince  anyone of God’s amazing design. Consider just a few of the monarch’s abilities:
1. The female butterfly uses six sharp needles on her forelegs to test for food’s chemical composition. monarch caterpillar
2. The caterpillar increases in weight 2,700 percent in 20 days.
3. The female butterfly can smell a male butterfly two miles away.
4. The female butterfly can store sperm and delay egglaying for months if she is impregnated too close to migration time.
5. The butterfly navigates alone to a never-before-seen location over 2,000 miles away.
6. As a caterpillar, it digests only one type of plant, the milkweed, which is poisonous to other animals that eat it, but not to this caterpillar.
Milkweed-MonarchLarva17. The monarch butterfly chemically reconstructs itself from a caterpillar with six simple eyes which can only see in             black and white, a chewing mouthpiece, sixteen legs, and the ability to crawl. It becomes a butterfly with two eyes           that can see in color (each with 6,000 lenses), a sucking mouthpiece, six legs, four wings, and the ability to fly.
The probability of random-chance mutations evolving this perfectly timed, chemically miraculous metamorphosis from caterpillar to monarch butterfly is far beyond the realm of reason.
The above was quoted from From Darkness to Light to Flight as depicted in A Closer Look At The Evidence by Richard & Tina Kleiss.

…I will meditate on your wonderful works.  They will tell of the power of your awesome works, and I will proclaim your great deeds. (Psalms 145:5-6)

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Evidence From The Worldwide Flood

September 13th, 2009

turtle

Hundreds of giant fossils have been discovered over the years. These include ten-foot turtles, dragonflies with a two foot wingspan, and 50-foot-long crocodiles. Could the size of these creatures be the result of long lives and/or a more protective atmosphere? It is interesting to note that some reptiles today never stop growing, but continue to get larger as long as they live. The large size for prehistoric (i.e., pre-flood) reptiles, including dinosaurs, probably indicates very long lives. Even today, scientists do not fully understand what causes us to age and die. Given more ideal conditions and fewer genetic problems before the Flood, it is not hard to believe that pre-flood man could have lived 10 times longer than modern man.

Most likely the cause of the longer life expectancy before the flood was fewer genetic problems. Contrary to what evolutionists would have us believe, with every passing century the number of mistakes and problems on our genes increases. There is also an intriguing possibility that the original earth was protected by a water-canopy above the atmosphere. This protective canopy would have shielded living things from the harmful radiation which shortens life. This may help account for both early man’s long life span and larger animals. Josephus (a Jewish historian in 100 A.D.) records that the historians from nine other nations report people living up to 1,000 years old before the great Flood.

The above was quoted from Myths and Miracles, p.76 TJ Journal, 8(2):138-141, 1994 as depicted in A Closer Look At The Evidence by Richard & Tina Kleiss.

Altogether, Adam lived 930 years, and then he died. (Genesis 5:5)

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